Smokers are more vulnerable to infection with a bacterium called Pneumococcus. This germ can cause pneumonia, meningitis and blood poisoning. The latest immunisation guidelines now recommend pneumococcal vaccination for smokers of all ages. Passive smokers also have an increased risk of infection.

A single injection is advised every 5 years for smokers and other people at-risk. The vaccine may cause fever and soreness at the injection site.

All people aged 65 and over and certain high risk groups should also be immunised.