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Your testicles. A user's guide. |
The testicles are a pair of firm, oval-shaped glands that hang in a pouch of skin (scrotum) under the penis. They are also known as testes (single is testis) or ‘balls’.
Testicles make sperm for reproduction and testosterone, the male sex hormone.
What is normal?
Normal testicles come in a wide range of sizes and one is often a little larger than the other. Nearly all men have one testicle that hangs lower than the other - usually the left one.
Testicles are positioned outside the body because they work better when cooler. In cold weather and at times of stress they are pulled up closer to the body to keep warm.
Fertility matters
Infertility is not just a female problem. It also affects about 1 in 20 men, usually due to sperm that are low in number or poor quality. A semen sample can be examined under the microscope to see if the sperm are normal.
Sperm production can be reduced by damage to the testicle, for example from mumps, injury or torsion (twisting of the testicle).
Testicular cancer
Cancer of the testicle is rare but is most common in young men between 20-40 years. The first sign is usually a hard, painless lump, but there may be swelling, tenderness or pain.
Fortunately, testicular cancer responds well to treatment and, like the cycling champion Lance Armstrong, nearly all cases are cured.
Should I check myself regularly?
Testicle self-examination (TSE) for cancer is controversial. Most experts do not recommend it. There is no evidence that it increases the chance of survival from testicular cancer.
Cancer Council Australia recommends that men simply become familiar with the usual feel of their testicles. See you doctor promptly if you notice any change.
Disclaimer:
Please note this information was correct at time of printing.
For up to date information, speak to your doctor. Source: Winter 2009 Edition | Page 3
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